What is the SECI model?
Ikujiro Nonaka and Hirotaka Takeuchi propose a model of the knowledge creating
process to understand the dynamic nature of knowledge creation, and to manage
such a process effectively: the SECI model. It consist of 3 elements:
- SECI
- Ba
- Knowledge Assets
These 3 elements interact with each other organically and dynamically.
The knowledge assets of an organization are mobilized and shared in 'Ba' whereas
the tacit knowledge held by individuals is converted and amplified by the
spiral of knowledge through:
- Socialization
- Externalization
- Combination
- Internalization
The three elements should be integrated under clear leadership so that
the organization can create knowledge continuously and dynamically: it must
become a discipline for organizational members.
SECI
The creation of knowledge is a continuous process of dynamic interactions
between tacit and explicit knowledge. The four modes of knowledge conversion
interact in the spiral of knowledge creation. The spiral becomes larger in
scale as it moves up through organizational levels, and can trigger new spirals
of knowledge creation.
Socialization. Sharing tacit knowledge through face-to-face communication
or shared experience. An example is an apprenticeship.
Externalization. Developing concepts, which embed the combined tacit
knowledge. And which enable its communication.
Combination. Combination of various elements of explicit knowledge:
building a prototype is an example.
Internalization. Closely linked to learning by doing, the explicit
knowledge becomes part of the individual's knowledge base (e.g. mental model)
and becomes an asset for the organization.
Ba
This difficult concept (there is no exact translation of the word) can
be defined as a shared context in which knowledge is shared, created and utilized
through interaction.
The diagram illustrates the various types of Ba, each offering a context
for a specific step in the knowledge-creating process.
Examples of the categories, using Seven-Eleven (Japanese convenience shops):
- Originating Ba: the shop floor, it enables people to interact
with each other and with customers.
- Dialoguing Ba: the tacit knowledge of local employees is used
to create sales forecasts, in dialogue with each other.
- Systemizing Ba: the forecasts of sales are tested against the
sales results and are fed back to the local stores.
- Exercising Ba: using this information, and comparing it to reality,
staff improve their skills and ability to make the forecasts.
Knowledge assets
These are company-specific resources that are indispensable to create values
for the firm. They are the inputs, outputs, and moderating factors, of the
knowledge-creating process.
To effectively manage knowledge creation and exploitation, a company has
to 'map' its inventory of knowledge assets. Cataloguing is however not enough:
knowledge assets are dynamic; new knowledge assets can be created from existing
knowledge assets.
The role of leadership is illustrated in the next diagram:
Origin of the SECI model. History
The model from Nonaka and Takeuchi is based on Polanyi's distinction between
tacit and explicit knowledge (1983) and provides an understanding of knowledge
creation and management from a Japanese business culture perspective.
Strengths of the SECI model. Benefits
- Appreciates the dynamic nature of knowledge and knowledge creation.
- Provides a framework for management of the relevant processes.
Limitations of the SECI model. Disadvantages
- It is based on a study of Japanese organizations, which heavily rely
on tacit knowledge: employees are often with a company for life.
- The linearity of the concept: can the spiral jump steps? Can it go counter-clockwise?
Book: Ikujiro Nonaka,
Hirotaka Takeuchi - The Knowledge-Creating Company
Forum discussions about the SECI model.
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SECI for Integration Between ETOM and KM System
The SECI model has been implemented in many industries.
The Telecom industry has eTOM as business process framework with critical knowledge in each level of processes.
A specific effort is need to i...
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History of Knowledge Management
I found that other models and concepts came after SECI model. Referring to history,
- "Since 1975, the knowledge management (KM) related developments have been the emerging subject in organizations"...
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Digital Learning Platform Based on SECI
I am setting up a digital learning platform for staff members of many different organisations about the dynamics of different generations and generations types in organisations. The platform is based ...
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3 comments
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Linking SECI Model to Innovation
I have some thoughts on how Knowledge Management and Innovation are linked... There are a number of models for implementing innovation. A simple model that I like involves 5 steps:
1. Idea Generation...
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SECI Software Tools?
Hi Everybody. I am looking for a software solution to support a SECI implementation.
Does anybody has a software product in mind? One based on SECI model?
Best regards......
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Courses about the SECI model.
Beginners Course
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Advanced Course
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Course for Experts
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The best, top-rated topics about the SECI model. Here you will find the most valuable ideas and practical suggestions.
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Advanced insights about the SECI model. Here you will find professional advices by experts.
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Various sources of information regarding the SECI model. Here you will find powerpoints, videos, news, etc. to use in your own lectures and workshops.
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Introduction and Summary of SECI Initial Understanding of SECI. Start of workshop/training Knowledge Management
Is utilizing tacit (the unseen huge part of the iceberg), as well as explicit (the tip of the iceb...
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Knowledge Creation: The SECI Model Knowledge Management, Knowledge Creation Presentation about the SECI model of Nonaka and Takeuchi (1996), a model about knowledge creation. The model is based on...
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SECI Model Diagrams Knowledge Management Download and edit these 12manage PowerPoint graphics for limited personal, educational and business use.
Republishing i...
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Knowledge Transfer in the E-world Knowledge Management, Knowledge Transfer, Internet, Intranet, E-Business, CRM This is a presentation about Knowledge Transfer (KT), specifically focused on KT in the e-world. The presentation consis...
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3 Pillars of KM Knowledge Management Three Pillars of Knowledge Management (Wiig)....
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N-Form Organization Knowledge Management The Dynamics of Knowledge Management in an N-Form Organization....
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Useful tools regarding the SECI model.
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Compare with the SECI model:
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(Collison & Parcell)
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